Marlowe received a bachelor of arts degree from Corpus Christi College at the University of Cambridge in 1584.
Marlowe was born only a few months before Shakespeare, on February 6, 1564, to John and Catherine Marlowe of Canterbury, where the senior Marlowe was a shoemaker. Many scholars believe that had Christopher Marlowe lived longer, he might have become a greater dramatist than William Shakespeare. "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" is included in most literature anthologies published for academic use, including the seventh edition of the Norton Anthology of English Literature. As a result, Marlowe's poem remains a long lasting and important example of the Elizabethan poet's talent. Marlowe tweaked the traditional, transforming it into a more dynamic piece. These poems, which included poems by Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard, were traditional love poems, characterized by the pleas of a rejected suitor who would find solace in the soothing atmosphere of country life. Prior to the composition of "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love," early English Renaissance poetry had been most concerned with romantic love. The woman's response is never heard, and she is not present in any way except as the object of the shepherd's desire. The shepherd makes a number of elaborate promises that are generally improbable and occasionally impossible.
The use of "passionate" in the title suggests strong emotions, but may also refer to an ardent desire to possess the woman sexually, since there is never any declaration of love. Instead, he asks her to come and live with him and seek pleasure in the moment. There is never any suggestion that the poet is asking the woman for a long-term commitment there is no offer of marriage nor does he offer a long-term future together. The poem is static in time, with no history or clearly defined future. The speaker in "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" is a shepherd, who pledges to do the impossible if only the female object of his desires will accept his pleas. He introduces sexuality and includes images that make the shepherd's plea seem ridiculous rather than ideal. As was common of Elizabethan poets, Marlowe plays with the traditional pastoralįormula. Rural country folk are presented in an idealized natural setting, while they contemplate their perfect and peaceful world that is absent the worries and issues of crowded city life. The pastoral tradition is characterized by a state of contentment and of innocent and romantic love. "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" is written in the pastoral tradition that originated with Theocritus in Greece during the third century b.c. Marlowe's poem also inspired several other notable works that were similar in tone and content, including John Donne's "The Bait" (1633), which also relies upon wit and sexuality to entertain the reader. Among these responses was Sir Walter Raleigh's "The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" (date unknown, but thought to be about 1592), which provides the woman's response to Marlowe's shepherd.
The composition date is thought to be about 1588, and probably it generated many responses well before its publication nearly a dozen years later. Few Elizabethan poets published their own work, especially one as young as Marlowe, and so it is fairly certain that the poem was well-known long before its publication. It is likely that Marlowe's poem would have been passed around among his friends long before its publication in 1599 in England, six years after the poet's death. Poets of the Elizabethan age used poetry as a way to express their wit and talent.
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love IntroductionĬhristopher Marlowe's "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love" fits perfectly into the poetic genre of the period.
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